• Norica-Felicia BUCUR 2015-07-01 Full Text Available Global market forces have determined not only higher education institutions all over the world to include ESP courses in their curriculum to enhance their students’ future employability, but also public and private organisations to offer their employees the opportunity to attend ESP courses in order to meet the continuously growing ESP needs. From this perspective, ESP compentence could become a subcomponent of one of the key competences for lifelong learning, communication in foreign languages. Therefore assessing ESP competence seems to acquire paramount importance since stakeholders need accurate information about the ESP learners’ abilities to cope with specific language tasks.

This article offers a concise overview of the principles and practices of ESP assessment, a detailed description of the features of ESP tests, while focusing particularly on the limits of ESP tests in order to identify possible solutions to overcome them. • Alma Cenkaj Vladi 2015-11-01 Full Text Available Language tests have always been important to people. Language is the most important means of communication, and only through it we can convey and receive messages, as well as test our cognitive abilities in different fields of knowledge.

But while testing other cognitive areas of human knowledge is considered relatively easy, testing language itself has resulted rather difficult. Language testing theory has undergone several phases of development, from being completely uninterested in reliability and validity, to becoming obsessed with statistical formulae, which would have catered for the much wanted reliability.

The manual assists engineers in using a computer program, the ESPVI 4.0W, that models all elements of an electrostatic precipitator (ESP). Yan, Feng; Li, Zhijun; Sinnott, Becky; Cappell, Kathryn M.; Yu, Yanbao; Mo, Jinyao; Duncan, Joseph A.; Chen, Xian; Cormier-Daire, Valerie; Whitehurst, Angelique W.; Xiong, Yue. Description The AtlasT4SS is a manual curated database that describes a large number of proteins related to the type IV secretion system reported so far in. System for the measurement and detection of electric energy losses (SIM-IV); Sistema de medicion y deteccion de perdidas de energia electrica (SIM-IV).

Swaying from one extreme to the other, communicative language testing seems to have found a balance between reliability through statistical analyses on the one hand, and validity through closely observing elements of language competence and performance, as well as ethical issues which bring tests closer to the social dimension. This article will give a general overview of how communicative language testing came in place, the theory and pertaining elements of such tests, as well as issues that have yet to be answered. • Atkinson, Dwight 1999-01-01 Looks at the question of how culture is understood in the Teaching English as a Second/Other-Language ( TESOL) profession. Examines the perspectives toward culture implicitly or explicitly expressed in recent ' TESOL Quarterly' articles, and concludes that different views of culture exist in the field. (Author/VWL) • Farr, Fiona 2015-01-01 Do you want to improve your teaching practice? Do you need to know more about getting the most out of student feedback? This textbook covers all topics in preparing TESOL teachers for the practical component of their programme.

• Maria Isabel Azevedo Cunha 2001-02-01 Full Text Available This paper first reviews key concepts in language testing and discusses the use of the English Language Placement Test administered at the Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro to computer science students, who are required t o take one of the two ESP courses offered by the English program. The analysis of the scores on two versions of a test administered to two different groups of computer science students who took the examination in sequential semesters is presented. For the original test, it em facility and it em discrimination were calculated, then overall test reliability was estimated. The statistics were carefully examined and a number of t he test items were eliminated, revamped or replaced in creating a revised version of the test. This modified and improved version of the test was then administered to a second group of students and the same statistics were applied once more.

The results are discussed in terms of the importance of item analysis and revision for providing more consistent and accurate language testing instruments. • Mishan, Freda 2015-01-01 Materials development has become much more important in the field of TESOL in the last twenty years: modules on materials development are now commonplace on MA TESOL courses around the world. The overall aim of the book is to introduce readers to a wide range of theoretical and practical issues in materials development to enable them to make informed and principled choices in the selection, evaluation, adaptation and production of materials.

The book aims to show how these choices need to be informed by an awareness of culture, context and purpose. • Spiro, Jane 2013-01-01 Covering core topics from vocabulary and grammar to teaching, writing speaking and listening, this textbook shows you how to link research to practice in TESOL methodology. It emphasises how current understandings have impacted on the language classroom worldwide and investigates the meaning of 'methods' and 'methodology' and the importance of these for the teacher: as well as the underlying assumptions and beliefs teachers bring to bear in their practice.

By introducing you to language teaching approaches, you will explore the way these are influenced by developments in our understanding of l • Robards, R.F.; Deguzman, J.S.; Runyan, R.A.; Flora, H.B. II 1986-01-01 The Tennessee Valley Authority's continuing research and development efforts for evaluating dry flue gas desulfurization (DFGD) at the Shawnee Test Facility have resulted in the testing of a 1- to 2-MW spray dryer electrostatic precipitator ( ESP) system. In this program, three test blocks were used to determine the effectiveness of this concept on high-sulfur coal (3.5- to 4.0-percent sulfur on a dry basis) application. The main ESP variables evaluated included 12- and 15-inch plate spacing using a Duratrode discharge electrode as well as spray dryer variables of lime stoichiometry, approach-to-saturation temperature, residence time, and others. The results indicate that DFGD products are easier to collect than fly ash with removal efficiencies of 96.4 to 99.2 percent at low SCA values. SO/sub 2/ removal across the ESP typically ran 10 to 25 percent (spray dryer SO/sub 2/ removal efficiencies can range up to about 65 percent).

Thus, a spray dryer appears to be a potential option for SO/sub 2/ control in a utility retrofit application where an ESP currently exists for particulate collection. Data supporting this conclusion are presented. 3 references.

• Robards, R.F.; DeGuzman, J.S.; Runyan, R.A.; Flora, H.B. II 1986-04-01 The Tennessee Valley Authority's continuing research and development efforts for evaluating dry flue gas desulfurization (DFGD) at the Shawnee Test Facility have resulted in the testing of a 1- to 2-MW spray dryer electrostatic precipitator ( ESP) system. In this program, three test blocks were used to determine the effectiveness of this concept on high-sulfur coal (3.5- to 4.0-percent sulfur on a dry basis) application. The main ESP variables evaluated included 12- and 15-inch plate spacing using a Duratrode discharge electrode as well as spray dryer variables of lime stoichiometry, approach-to-saturation temperature, residence time, and others.

The results indicate that DFGD products are easier to collect than fly ash with removal efficiencies of 96.4 to 99.2% at low SCA values. SO/sub 2/ removal across the ESP typically ran 10 to 25% (spray dryer SO/sub 2/ removal efficiences can range up to about 65%). Thus, a spray dryer appears to be a potential option for SO/sub 2/ control in a utility retrofit application where an ESP currently exists for particulate collection. Data supporting this conclusion are presented. • Sabine eDelannoy 2016-01-01 Full Text Available Current methods for screening Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC O157 and non-O157 in beef enrichments typically rely on the molecular detection of stx, eae, and serogroup-specific wzx or wzy gene fragments.

As these genetic markers can also be found in some non-EHEC strains, a number of ‘false positive’ results are obtained. Here, we explore the suitability of five novel molecular markers, espK, espV, ureD, Z2098, and CRISPRO26:H11 as candidates for a more accurate screening of EHEC strains of greater clinical significance in industrialized countries. Of the 1,739 beef enrichments tested, 180 were positive for both stx and eae genes. Ninety (50% of these tested negative for espK, espV, ureD, and Z2098, but twelve out of these negative samples were positive for the CRISPRO26:H11 gene marker specific for a newly emerging virulent EHEC O26:H11 French clone. We show that screening for stx, eae, espK, and espV, in association with the CRISPRO26:H11 marker is a better approach to narrow down the EHEC screening step in beef enrichments. The number of potentially positive samples was reduced by 48.88% by means of this alternative strategy compared to the European and American reference methods, thus substantially improving the discriminatory power of EHEC screening systems. This approach is in line with the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority opinion on pathogenic STEC published in 2013.

• Wilkie, D.I. (Canadian Occidental Petroleum Ltd., Calgary, Alberta (Canada)) 1993-09-27 Innovative electric-submersible-pump ( ESP) configurations were used in the exploration phase of a Yemen oil field discovered by Canadian Occidental Petroleum Ltd.

Because of subnormal reservoir pressure, CanOxy developed the field with ESPs and had to install surface components that could operate at the high, 130 F., ambient temperatures common in Yemen. The field is in a remote area that has seen very little development.

The reservoirs produce a medium-to-heavy crude with a low gas/oil ratio, typically less than 20 scf/bbl. Problems faced in evaluating the field included drilling through unconsolidated sands with high flow capacity and subnormal reservoir pressure.

CanOxy had to develop the technology to test the wells during the exploration phase, and intends to use new, or at least uncommon technology, for producing the wells. The paper describes testing the wells, the electric generators and variable speed drives, and the use of these pumps on production wells. • Phillipson, Robert 2013-01-01 A version of a keynote address at the Australian Council of TESOL Associations (ACTA) International Conference 2012 held in Cairns.

Responding to the issue of TESOL as global trade, Phillipson explores the historical purposes of using English as an imperial language and as a dominant language of. • Barbara Mullock 2002-01-01 Full Text Available Abstract: Teachers of English as a Foreign Language can often feel out of touch with developments in TESOL in native English speaking countries. Information about developments may arrive in sporadically, in discontinuous spurts, and they may not be sure about the accuracy of the picture they are getting, or about how they should be teaching. This paper is a personal attempt to trace important developments and issues in TESOL over the last 25 years, and to suggest ways in which these can affect the performance of the classroom EFL teacher. A number of important recent developments and issues discussed here, including the analysis of language (particularly in ESP and the teaching of grammar, task-based learning, second language acquisition, and Critical Pedagogy. • Labassi, Tahar 2010-01-01 The paper is a response to Holmes and Celani's (2006) invitation to learn from the Brazilian ESP experience.

It discusses the conditions which sustained this experience, and compares the Brazilian situation to the Tunisian one. The paper also discusses the challenges that ESP projects in EFL environments face, the opportunities that ESP • Ahmed Mohammed S.

Alduais 2012-11-01 Full Text Available Any syllabus could be evaluated and analysed in terms of design and format and achieving the goals of the designed syllabus in reality; in this paper the first type of analysis is conducted in addition to integrating the researcher’s experience of teaching ESP in Yemen and Saudi Arabia. Reviewing previous and related literature along with collected data from the text book, the researcher used different types of methodologies to come up with detailed analysis of the above named ESP book. The book Basic English for Computing seems to have high standard design and format as an ESP curriculum in terms of: planning stage, implementation, evaluation, and management, and in terms of selection and grading of the content and tasks of the curriculum as an ESP syllabus as well. However and from the research’s perspective, this syllabus in spite of its high standards, it doesn’t suit the level of ESP learners in both public and private Yemeni Universities due to misuse and wrong interpretation of the term ESP in Yemen among English teachers, specialists in the field of English language and decision-makers as well. It is the learner, the environment learning, and the teacher rather than the book that would greatly affect on deciding the success of achieving the goals of a certain syllabus and testing its usability in a certain country where English is being taught and/or learned for specific purposes. • Schumann, John H. 1974-01-01 This paper summarizes the presentations given at the 1974 TESOL Convention, and includes discussion of second language learning universals, statistical techniques for analyzing morphemes, data collection techniques and tests of hypotheses about the nature of the second language learning process.

(CK) • England, Liz 2012-01-01 More and more, ESL/EFL teachers are required by their employers to obtain a Master's degree in TESOL. Thousands of ESL/EFL teachers are acquiring professional skills and knowledge through online and distance education instructional models. Filling a growing need and making an important contribution, this book is a forerunner in addressing some of the issues and problems for online distance learning and instructional delivery in TESOL and applied linguistics departments in universities around the world. Carefully addressing the complexity of the field, this volume includes primary research and • Nina V. Vasilchenko 2013-01-01 Full Text Available The article provides a detailed analysis of the Russian course-books for students of Economic Schools. The authoress exposes the discrepancies along with proposing the solutions. In the second part, the article possesses a brief description as well as highlights the advantages of the new online ESP course on Economics, Banking and Insurance for colleges.

In conclusion, the authoress contemplates over the first findings the course appraisal suggests. • Canagarajah, A. Suresh 2006-01-01 This overview delineates the direction of pedagogical developments since the 25th anniversary issue of ' TESOL Quarterly.' Three tendencies characterize our professional practice: (a) a continuation along the earlier lines of progression (i.e., in opening up the classroom to learning opportunities, integrating skills, and teaching for specific • Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc. Siemens Prosave Software Free. (TESOL), 2011 2011-01-01 The ' TESOL Technology Standards' are applicable in a wide range of contexts: foreign language, second language, child, teen, adult, higher education, vocational education, language for specific purposes, and fully online programs; and in settings with low, medium, or high resources and access to communication technologies.

Students, teachers. • Farrell, Thomas S. 2016-01-01 The field of teaching English to speakers of other languages ( TESOL) is similar to other fields in that we must not take it for granted that novice teachers will survive their first year without some kind of support. This paper outlines how three novice ESL teachers in Canada survived their first year without any support from the school they were • Dantas-Whitney, Maria, Ed.; Rilling, Sarah, Ed.

2010-01-01 This volume in the TESOL Classroom Practice Series presents instructional practices that are particularly successful with children and adolescent language learners. These practices take into account the unique needs and characteristics of these age groups and reflect a wide range of educational contexts, goals, and challenges from classrooms in • Nelson, Cynthia D.; Appleby, Roslyn 2015-01-01 Skyrocketing military spending, ongoing military conflicts, and human displacement worldwide have significant consequences for the teaching and learning of English. TESOL increasingly requires a robust research base that can provide informed, critical guidance in preparing English language teachers for work in and near conflict zones, for teaching • Tucker, G. Richard; Lightbown, Patsy M.; Snow, Catherine; Christian, Donna; de Bot, Kees; Lynch, Brian K.; Nunan, David; Duff, Patricia A.; Freeman, Donald; Bailey, Kathleen M. 2001-01-01 Highlights research priorities for the Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages ( TESOL) field, including the following: age of beginning instruction, learning to read in a second language, dual-language education for English language learners, language assessment and program evaluation, English as a global language, learning English for • Chen, Cheryl Wei-yu 2010-01-01 Situated in an MA TESOL program in a large Taiwanese university, this study is a qualitative case study on two advising relationships. Three central issues were examined closely: (a) the nature of the advising relationships; (b) the challenges students encountered in the process of completing their theses; and (c) the advisors and advisee's • Abdallah, Mahmoud Mohammad Sayed 2010-01-01 English language learning in general, and TESOL in particular, has been recently associated with some new literacy practices imposed by the Internet and other new ICTs which, according to Coiro et al. (2008), have been defining the concept of literacy in the 21st century.

The changing social practices should be accompanied by a process of • Baecher, Laura; Jewkes, Abigail M. 2014-01-01 Preparing early childhood educators to support effective instruction of English language learners (ELLs) is an important dimension of teacher preparation programs, yet often difficult to enact. This article reports on a collaboration between early childhood education (ECE) faculty and teachers of English to speakers of other languages ( TESOL) • Fahad Alkhezzi; Wadha Al-Dousar 2016-01-01 This study explores the impact of using mobile phone applications, namely Telegram Messenger, on teaching and learning English in an ESP context.

The main objective is to test whether using mobile phone applications have an impact on ESP learners’ performance by mainly investigating the influence such teaching technique can have on learning vocabulary, and how this can affect the learner's’ ability to use grammar correctly and whether their writing skill is improved. The results showed that u. • Thomas SC Farrell 2016-01-01 The field of teaching English to speakers of other languages ( TESOL) is similar to other fields in that we must not take it for granted that novice teachers will survive their first year without some kind of support. This paper outlines how three novice ESL teachers in Canada survived their first year without any support from the school they were placed.

Specifically, the paper outlines how they, with the aid of a facilitator, engaged in reflective practice. • Eremina, Svetlana V.; Korneva, Anna A. 2004-07-01 The paper presents analysis of the errors made by ESP (English for specific purposes) users which have been considered as typical. They occur as a result of misuse of resources of English grammar and tend to resist. Their origin and places of occurrence have also been discussed.

• Borza, Natalia 2015-01-01 English as a second language (ESL) teachers instructing general English and English for specific purposes ( ESP) in bilingual secondary schools face various challenges when it comes to choosing the main linguistic foci of language preparatory courses enabling non-native students to study academic subjects in English. ESL teachers intending to • Kristich, Christopher J; Li, Yung-Hua; Cvitkovitch, Dennis G; Dunny, Gary M 2004-01-01 Enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive opportunistic pathogen known to form biofilms in vitro. In addition, this organism is often isolated from biofilms on the surfaces of various indwelling medical devices. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating biofilm formation in these clinical isolates are largely unknown. Recent work has suggested that a specific cell surface protein ( Esp) of E. Faecalis is critical for biofilm formation by this organism.

However, in the same study, esp-deficient strains of E. Faecalis were found to be capable of biofilm formation. To test the hypothesis that Esp is dispensable for biofilm formation by E. Faecalis, we used microtiter plate assays and a chemostat-based biofilm fermentor assay to examine biofilm formation by genetically well-defined, non- Esp-expressing strains. Our results demonstrate that in vitro biofilm formation occurs, not only in the absence of esp, but also in the absence of the entire pathogenicity island that harbors the esp coding sequence. Using scanning electron microscopy to evaluate biofilms of E.

Faecalis OG1RF grown in the fermentor system, biofilm development was observed to progress through multiple stages, including attachment of individual cells to the substratum, microcolony formation, and maturation into complex multilayered structures apparently containing water channels. Microtiter plate biofilm analyses indicated that biofilm formation or maintenance was modulated by environmental conditions. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that expression of a secreted metalloprotease, GelE, enhances biofilm formation by E.

In summary, E. Faecalis forms complex biofilms by a process that is sensitive to environmental conditions and does not require the Esp surface protein. • Borza Natalia 2015-01-01 English as a second language (ESL) teachers instructing general English and English for specific purposes ( ESP) in bilingual secondary schools face various challenges when it comes to choosing the main linguistic foci of language preparatory courses enabling non-native students to study academic subjects in English. ESL teachers intending to analyse English language subject textbooks written for secondary school students with the aim of gaining information about what bilingual secondary schoo. • 黄奕 2006-01-01 Ⅰ.IntroductionWith the globalization of every industry,the calls for talents who have a solid foundation of English,a widerange of knowledge,and skills of related specialties are in urgent.However,not everyone realizes that L2learners,in creating their own interlanguage,create an accompanying identity[1].So how to improve L2learners’abilities in using the target language is a great challenge for both General English teaching and ESPteaching.General English is the topic we usually discuss,but ESP is the one. • Johnson, Kimberly A.

Discussions of training and preparation needs for nonnative English speaking (NNES) master's students in teachers of English to speakers of other languages ( TESOL) graduate programs have seldom given voice to the students themselves nor addressed their perceptions of whether their needs are being met in existing programs. This study reports on the • Sukasem, Ngarmnij 2012-01-01 This dissertation investigates the practice of blogging by multilingual graduate students in a TESOL program in an American context. The focus of the study is to understand the relationship between the practice of blog writing and the sense of authorship of the participants. The sense of authorship in this study mainly refers to how students see • Thomas SC Farrell 2016-10-01 Full Text Available The field of teaching English to speakers of other languages ( TESOL is similar to other fields in that we must not take it for granted that novice teachers will survive their first year without some kind of support. This paper outlines how three novice ESL teachers in Canada survived their first year without any support from the school they were placed. Specifically, the paper outlines how they, with the aid of a facilitator, engaged in reflective practice by using a framework for reflecting on practice to help them navigate complex issues and challenges they faced during their first year of teaching. Had they not engaged in such structured reflection during their first year, they would have probably become another statistic of those who quit the profession and contribute to the growing perception that TESOL is a profession that eats its young.

The paper suggests that language teacher educators and novice teachers should not just wait until their first year to learn the skills of reflective practice but should do so much earlier in their teacher education programs so that they can be better prepared for the transition from their teacher education programs to the first year of teaching. • Borza Natalia 2015-03-01 Full Text Available English as a second language (ESL teachers instructing general English and English for specific purposes ( ESP in bilingual secondary schools face various challenges when it comes to choosing the main linguistic foci of language preparatory courses enabling non-native students to study academic subjects in English. ESL teachers intending to analyse English language subject textbooks written for secondary school students with the aim of gaining information about what bilingual secondary school students need to know in terms of language to process academic textbooks cannot avoiding deal with a dilemma.

It needs to be decided which way it is most appropriate to analyse the texts in question. Handbooks of English applied linguistics are not immensely helpful with regard to this problem as they tend not to give recommendation as to which major text analytical approaches are advisable to follow in a pre-college setting. The present theoretical research aims to address this lacuna. Respectively, the purpose of this pedagogically motivated theoretical paper is to investigate two major approaches of ESP text analysis, the register and the genre analysis, in order to find the more suitable one for exploring the language use of secondary school subject texts from the point of view of an English as a second language teacher. Comparing and contrasting the merits and limitations of the two contrastive approaches allows for a better understanding of the nature of the two different perspectives of text analysis. The study examines the goals, the scope of analysis, and the achievements of the register perspective and those of the genre approach alike.

The paper also investigates and reviews in detail the starkly different methods of ESP text analysis applied by the two perspectives. Discovering text analysis from a theoretical and methodological angle supports a practical aspect of English teaching, namely making an informed choice when setting out to analyse • Carreon, Edwina S. This paper discusses the dilemma of the non-specialist teacher of English for Specific Purposes ( ESP) or English for Science and Technology when faced with technical content, and describes the response of De La Salle University (Philippines) that broadened the graduate curriculum to help develop future ESP teacher competencies.

The personal • Dehnad, Afsaneh; Bagherzadeh, Rafat; Bigdeli, Shoaleh; Hatami, Kamran; Hosseini, Agha Fatemeh 2014-01-01 Assessing learners' needs is an integral part of any curriculum and course design, namely English for specific purposes ( ESP), syllabus design, materials development, teaching methods and testing issues. Critical approach to needs analysis, which is a relatively recent approach, acknowledges the rights of different stakeholders including teachers, students and administrators in the process of needs analysis. However, there has been no formal need analysis for syllabus design at postgraduate level in Medical Universities affiliated to the Ministry of Health in Iran. This study, conducted in 2011, was an attempt to assess the reading and writing needs of postgraduate students in ESP courses on the basis of critical approach to needs analysis. The study population consisted of 67 people: 56 postgraduate students, 5 heads of departments, 5 ESP instructors and 1 executive manager at the Ministry of Health in Iran. Ethical and demographic forms, needs analysis questionnaires, and a form of semi-structured interview were the instruments of the study. According to the findings, there was a discrepancy between students' and instructors' perception of learners' needs and the assumed needs appearing in the syllabi prescribed by the Ministry of Health in Iran.

This study showed that a call for critical needs analysis in which the rights of different stakeholders are acknowledged is necessary for meeting the requirements of any ESP classes especially at postgraduate level where the instructors and learners are fully aware of learners' needs.

• Faulcon, Nettie D. 2001-01-01 Electronically scanned pressure ( ESP) modules have been developed that can operate in ambient and in cryogenic environments, particularly Langley's National Transonic Facility (NTF). Because they can operate directly in a cryogenic environment, their use eliminates many of the operational problems associated with using conventional modules at low temperatures. To ensure the accuracy of these new instruments, calibration was conducted in a laboratory simulating the environmental conditions of NTF.

This paper discusses the calibration process by means of the simulation laboratory, the system inputs and outputs and the analysis of the calibration data. Calibration results of module M4, a wide temperature ESP module with 16 ports and a pressure range of +/- 4 psid are given.

• Zuckerwar, Allan J.; Garza, Frederico R. 2001-01-01 A vibration sensitivity test was conducted on a Wide-Temperature ESP module. The test object was Module 'M4,' a 16-channel, 4 psi unit scheduled for installation in the Arc Sector of NTF.

The module was installed on a vibration exciter and loaded to positive then negative full-scale pressures (+/-2.5 psid). Test variables were the following: Vibration frequencies: 20, 55, 75 Hz.

Vibration level: 1 g. Vibration axes: X, Y, Z.

The pressure response was measured on each channel, first without and then with the vibration turned on, and the difference analyzed by means of the statistical t-test. The results show that the vibration sensitivity does not exceed 0.01% Full Scale Output per g (with the exception of one channel on one axis) to a 95 percent confidence level. This specification, limited by the resolution of the pressure source, lies well below the total uncertainty specification of 0.1 percent Full Scale Output. • Hopson, Purnell, Jr.; Chapman, John J.; Kruse, Nancy M. 1994-01-01 Array of pressure sensors operates reliably and repeatably over wide temperature range, extending from normal boiling point of water down to boiling point of nitrogen.

Sensors accurate and repeat to within 0.1 percent. Operate for 12 months without need for recalibration. Array scanned electronically, sensor readings multiplexed and sent to desktop computer for processing and storage. Used to measure distributions of pressure in research on boundary layers at high Reynolds numbers, achieved by low temperatures.

• Hopson, Purnell, Jr.; Chapman, John J.; Kruse, Nancy M. 1994-01-01 Array of pressure sensors operates reliably and repeatably over wide temperature range, extending from normal boiling point of water down to boiling point of nitrogen. Sensors accurate and repeat to within 0.1 percent. Operate for 12 months without need for recalibration. Array scanned electronically, sensor readings multiplexed and sent to desktop computer for processing and storage.

Used to measure distributions of pressure in research on boundary layers at high Reynolds numbers, achieved by low temperatures. • Chapman, John J. (Inventor); Hopson, Purnell, Jr.

(Inventor); Kruse, Nancy M. (Inventor) 1995-01-01 A miniature, multi-channel, electronically scanned pressure measuring device uses electrostatically bonded silicon dies in a multielement array. These dies are bonded at specific sites on a glass, prepatterned substrate.

Thermal data is multiplexed and recorded on each individual pressure measuring diaphragm. The device functions in a cryogenic environment without the need of heaters to keep the sensor at constant temperatures. • Panek, Joseph W. 2001-01-01 The proper operation of the Electronically Scanned Pressure ( ESP) System critical to accomplish the following goals: acquisition of highly accurate pressure data for the development of aerospace and commercial aviation systems and continuous confirmation of data quality to avoid costly, unplanned, repeat wind tunnel or turbine testing. Standard automated setup and checkout routines are necessary to accomplish these goals. Data verification and integrity checks occur at three distinct stages, pretest pressure tubing and system checkouts, daily system validation and in-test confirmation of critical system parameters. This paper will give an overview of the existing hardware, software and methods used to validate data integrity.

• Green, Del L.; Walker, Eric L.; Everhart, Joel L. 2006-01-01 Minimization of uncertainty is essential to extend the usable range of the 15-psid Electronically Scanned Pressure [ ESP) transducer measurements to the low free-stream static pressures found in hypersonic wind tunnels. Statistical characterization of environmental error sources inducing much of this uncertainty requires a well defined and controlled calibration method. Employing such a controlled calibration system, several studies were conducted that provide quantitative information detailing the required controls needed to minimize environmental and human induced error sources. Results of temperature, environmental pressure, over- pressurization, and set point randomization studies for the 15-psid transducers are presented along with a comparison of two regression methods using data acquired with both 0.36-psid and 15-psid transducers. Together these results provide insight into procedural and environmental controls required for long term high-accuracy pressure measurements near 0.01 psia in the hypersonic testing environment using 15-psid ESP transducers.

• Green, Del L.; Walker, Eric L.; Everhart, Joel L. 2006-01-01 Minimization of uncertainty is essential to extend the usable range of the 15-psid Electronically Scanned Pressure ( ESP) transducer measurements to the low free-stream static pressures found in hypersonic wind tunnels. Statistical characterization of environmental error sources inducing much of this uncertainty requires a well defined and controlled calibration method. Employing such a controlled calibration system, several studies were conducted that provide quantitative information detailing the required controls needed to minimize environmental and human induced error sources.

Results of temperature, environmental pressure, over- pressurization, and set point randomization studies for the 15-psid transducers are presented along with a comparison of two regression methods using data acquired with both 0.36-psid and 15-psid transducers. Together these results provide insight into procedural and environmental controls required for long term high-accuracy pressure measurements near 0.01 psia in the hypersonic testing environment using 15-psid ESP transducers.

(Inventor); Parra, G. 1984-01-01 An electronic scanning pressure system that includes a plurality of pressure transducers is examined. A means obtains an electrical signal indicative of a pressure measurement from each of the plurality of pressure transducers. A multiplexing means is connected for selectivity supplying inputs from the plurality of pressure transducers to the signal obtaining means. A data bus connects the plurality of pressure transducers to the multiplexing means. A latch circuit is connected to supply control inputs to the multiplexing means. An address bus is connected to supply an address signal of a selected one of the plurality of pressure transducers to the latch circuit.

In operation, each of the pressure transducers is successively scanned by the multiplexing means in response to address signals supplied on the address bus to the latch circuit. • Chapman, J.

J.; Hopson, P., Jr.; Kruse, N. 1995-01-01 Pressure is one of the most important parameters measured when testing models in wind tunnels. For models tested in the cryogenic environment of the National Transonic Facility at NASA Langley Research Center, the technique of utilizing commercially available multichannel pressure modules inside the models is difficult due to the small internal volume of the models and the requirement of keeping the pressure transducer modules within an acceptable temperature range well above the -173 degrees C tunnel temperature. A prototype multichannel pressure transducer module has been designed and fabricated with stable, repeatable sensors and materials optimized for reliable performance in the cryogenic environment. The module has 16 single crystal silicon piezoresistive pressure sensors electrostatically bonded to a metalized Pyrex substrate for sensing the wind tunnel model pressures.

An integral temperature sensor mounted on each silicon micromachined pressure sensor senses real-time temperature fluctuations to within 0.1 degrees C to correct for thermally induced non-random sensor drift. The data presented here are from a prototype sensor module tested in the 0.3 M cryogenic tunnel and thermal equilibrium conditions in an environmental chamber which approximates the thermal environment (-173 degrees C to +60 degrees C) of the National Transonic Facility. • Mitchell, Michael The use of pressure-measurement devices based on electronic scanning in wind-tunnel and other settings with harsh conditions is discussed in terms of adaptations required to protect the integrity of the devices and output data. The applications considered include thermal extremes, long cable lengths, very low pressure, high-line pressure, and variable-reference calibrations.

Some of the adaptation techniques are thermal enclosures, remote power supplies, low- pressure standards, and biasing regulators. • Chapman, John J. (Inventor); Hopson, Purnell, Jr. (Inventor); Holloway, Nancy M. (Inventor) 2001-01-01 A miniature, multi-channel, electronically scanned pressure measuring device uses electrostatically bonded silicon dies in a multi-element array. These dies are bonded at specific sites on a glass, pre-patterned substrate. Thermal data is multiplexed and recorded on each individual pressure measuring diaphragm.

The device functions in a cryogenic environment without the need of heaters to keep the sensor at constant temperatures. • Everhart, Joel L. 1996-01-01 Orifice-to-orifice inconsistencies in data acquired with an electronically-scanned pressure system at the beginning of a wind tunnel experiment forced modifications to the standard, instrument calibration procedures. These modifications included a large increase in the number of calibration points which would allow a critical examination of the calibration curve-fit process, and a subsequent post-test reduction of the pressure data.

Evaluation of these data has resulted in an improved functional representation of the pressure-voltage signature for electronically-scanned pressures sensors, which can reduce the errors due to calibration curve fit to under 0.10 percent of reading compared to the manufacturer specified 0.10 percent of full scale. Application of the improved calibration function allows a more rational selection of the calibration set-point pressures. These pressures should be adjusted to achieve a voltage output which matches the physical shape of the pressure-voltage signature of the sensor. This process is conducted in lieu of the more traditional approach where a calibration pressure is specified and the resulting sensor voltage is recorded. The fifteen calibrations acquired over the two-week duration of the wind tunnel test were further used to perform a preliminary, statistical assessment of the variation in the calibration process. The results allowed the estimation of the bias uncertainty for a single instrument calibration; and, they form the precursor for more extensive and more controlled studies in the laboratory.

• Mitchell, Michael; Sealey, Bradley S. 1989-01-01 Specific guidelines to design, construct, and test ESP thermal enclosures for applications at cryogenic temperatures are given. The enclosures maintain the ESP modules at a constant temperature (10 C plus or minus 1 C) to minimize thermal zero and sensitivity shifts, to minimize the frequency of expensive on-line calibrations, and to avoid adverse effects on tunnel and model boundary layers. Voice Activated Commands Keygen Torrent. The enclosures are constructed of a rigid closed-cell foam and are capable of withstanding the stagnation pressures to 932kPa (135 psia) without reduction in thermal insulation properties.

This construction procedure has been used to construct several thermal packages which have been successfully used in National Transonic Facility. W.; Burgsmueller, W.; Hegen, G. H.; Slauerhoff, J. 1992-07-01 The accuracy of an electronic scanning system is assessed for the calibration of turbofan powered simulators (TPS) with mechanical and electronic systems measuring in parallel. Pressure and temperature fluctuations were investigated. The test data was analyzed using the measurement uncertainty methodology applied for full-scale gas-turbine testing. This method was also used to calculate the propagation of TPS calibration and pressure measurement errors to the wind-tunnel results.

It was found that the accuracy of mechanical and electronic results is comparable. The electronic scanning system has a much higher scanning rate and it is expected that the wind-tunnel test time can be reduced by about 10 to 20 percent or equivalent increases in data rates. • Walker, Eric L.; Starnes, B. Alden; Birch, Jeffery B.; Mays, James E. 2010-01-01 This article presents the application of a recently developed statistical regression method to the controlled instrument calibration problem.

The statistical method of Model Robust Regression (MRR), developed by Mays, Birch, and Starnes, is shown to improve instrument calibration by reducing the reliance of the calibration on a predetermined parametric (e.g. Polynomial, exponential, logarithmic) model. This is accomplished by allowing fits from the predetermined parametric model to be augmented by a certain portion of a fit to the residuals from the initial regression using a nonparametric (locally parametric) regression technique. The method is demonstrated for the absolute scale calibration of silicon-based pressure transducers. • Soto, Hector L.; Hernandez, Corey D.

2004-01-01 A study of active-flow control in a small-scale boundary layer ingestion inlet was conducted at the NASA Langley Basic Aerodynamic Research Tunnel (BART). Forty MEMS pressure sensors, in a rake style configuration, were used to examine both the mean (DC) and high frequency (AC) components of the total pressure across the inlet/engine interface plane. The mean component was acquired and used to calculate pressure distortion. The AC component was acquired separately, at a high sampling rate, and is used to study the unsteady effects of the active-flow control.

An identical total pressure rake, utilizing an Electronically Scanned Pressure ( ESP) system, was also used to calculate distortion; a comparison of the results obtained using the two rakes is presented. • Sadowy, Gregory, A.; Chamberlain, Neil F.; Zawadzki, Mark S.; Brown, Kyle M.; Fisher, Charles D.; Figueroa, Harry S.; Hamilton, Gary A.; Jones, Cathleen E.; Vorperian, Vatche; Grando, Maurio B. 2011-01-01 The Uninhabited Airborne Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) is a pod-based, L-band (1.26 GHz), repeatpass, interferometric, synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) used for Earth science applications. Repeat-pass interferometric radar measurements from an airborne platform require an antenna that can be steered to maintain the same angle with respect to the flight track over a wide range of aircraft yaw angles. In order to be able to collect repeat-pass InSAR data over a wide range of wind conditions, UAVSAR employs an active electronically scanned array (AESA).

During data collection, the UAVSAR flight software continuously reads the aircraft attitude state measured by the Embedded GPS/INS system (EGI) and electronically steers the beam so that it remains perpendicular to the flight track throughout the data collection • Bei, Nikolai A. 2000-12-01 Foundation and principles of radio lenses construction of centimeter and millimeter wave ranges with controlled refracting index, combining the quality of phased array antennas with optical devices are stated. Possibilities of the electronically scanning with wide-angle sector and high gain are maintained. Construction principles of scanning antennas with controlled lenses, combining the quality of phased array antennas with optical devices, are stated. Possibilities of electronically scanning with broad angle sector and high gain are maintained.

Some examples of construction of antennas millimeter range of waves are listed here. • Chekroun, C.; Herrick, D.; Michel, Y. M.; Pauchard, R.; Vidal, P.

1981-02-01 The paper describes a novel electronic scanning process that differs from the conventional phased array process. Called Radant (from radome antennas), the process uses an electromagnetic lens such that the direction of the optical axis can be changed electronically. The principle of this process and a working model are described.

• Fanning, Paul 1992-01-01 The fragility of English for Special Purposes ( ESP) is examined in the context of a particular British ESP course, European Business Administration. Issues include the characteristic ESP time pressure, the treatment of 'hard' terminology in English for Academic Purposes (EAP), the nonlinguistic subject matter of EAP courses, and the use • Snieder, J. 1990-06-01 The possibilities of realizing phased array antennas in the mm wave region are reviewed. The use of discrete components and bulk material is discussed. The MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits) techniques for the realization of phased array components are excluded from this report. A survey is given of the different electronic scan possibilities. PIN diode phase shifters and different types of ferrite phase shifters are discussed, including the principle functioning of these components as well as the advantages involved in their use.

The availability of various ferrite materials for phase shifters is discussed. The requirements for phased array antennas and its phase shifters are given. A discussion of array element spacing, side lobe level and related power levels, effect of pulse repetition frequency and mutual coupling are presented.

An attempt is made to correlate all the available information at cm wavelength (3 to 18 GHz) and to extrapolate it to mm wavelength. All the detailed properties of the phase shifters are included.

The experimental results of mm wave phase shifters are given and compared with the extrapolated results given. • Jack Booker; Brindesh Dhruva 2011-06-20 The objective of the High Temperature ESP Monitoring project was to develop a downhole monitoring system to be used in wells with bottom hole well temperatures up to 300°C for measuring motor temperature, formation pressure, and formation temperature. These measurements are used to monitor the health of the ESP motor, to track the downhole operating conditions, and to optimize the pump operation.

A 220 ºC based High Temperature ESP Monitoring system was commercially released for sale with Schlumberger ESP motors April of 2011 and a 250 ºC system with will be commercially released at the end of Q2 2011. The measurement system is now fully qualified, except for the sensor, at 300 °C. M.; Hendrajaya, L. 2017-07-01 Study about oil and gas well A and SW fields have been conducted in Bojonegoro area, East Java Province.

From the research, it is known that one of the constrain in oil and gas production process is a pressure drop, so that is necessary to set Electrical Submersible Pump ( ESP) as an artificial lift pump at low pressure wells. It is needed to analyze the production well pressure as an effort to optimize the fluid production.

It is in describe to relations between IPR (Inflow Performance Relationship ) curve with TPR (Tubing Performance Relationship), are getting down point cut TPR curve with IPR curve, fluid rate its optimal, so need tubing’s diameter variation and the number of stage pump ESP variation to can the most optimal fluid rate. Produced that to tubing variation are 2,441 ID is 876,729 bpd, 2,991 is 961,197 bpd, 3,476 id is 996, 26 Bpd, while on the number of stage pump esp variation The most high is stage 400 with fluid rate 961,197 by comparison stage 338 it has value fluid rate 921,165 bpd, stage 200 it has fluid rate 827,889 bpd, and stage 169 has fluid rate 774,646 bpd. Of some variation tubing and stage pumps that has the most influence to fluid rate optimalize is the change number of stage pump. • Blumenthal, Philip Z.; Helland, Stephen M. 1994-01-01 This paper discusses a method used to provide a significant improvement in the accuracy of the Electronically Scanned Pressure ( ESP) Measurement System by means of a fully automatic floating pressure generating system for the ESP calibration and reference pressures. This system was used to obtain test section Mach number and flow angularity measurements over the full envelope of test conditions for the 10 x 10 Supersonic Wind Tunnel.

The uncertainty analysis and actual test data demonstrated that, for most test conditions, this method could reduce errors to about one-third to one-half that obtained with the standard system. • Eremina, Svetlana V. 2006-07-01 English for Specific Purposes ( ESP) is a part of General English used in the subject specific area. It consists of three main categories, namely, general vocabulary, general academic vocabulary, subject-specific vocabulary units; the last one is considered to be the terms. The general methods and techniques for constructing new and evaluating the present system of terms to be accomplished both by scientists and linguists are discussed. • Zomberg, Brian G.; Chren, William A., Jr.

1994-01-01 A prototype controller for the ESTAR ( electronically scanned thinned array radiometer) instrument has been designed and tested. It manages the operation of the digital data subsystem (DDS) and its communication with the Small Explorer data system (SEDS). Among the data processing tasks that it coordinates are FEM data acquisition, noise removal, phase alignment and correlation. Its control functions include instrument calibration and testing of two critical subsystems, the output data formatter and Walsh function generator. It is implemented in a Xilinx XC3064PC84-100 field programmable gate array (FPGA) and has a maximum clocking frequency of 10 MHz.

• Rowland, B.; Ganatra, C.P.; Woolston, J. 1994-12-31 The authors present a progressive application in the field of air pollution control technology. The content of this paper should appeal to operators who must operate out-of-compliance electrostatic precipitators ( ESPs), or to those who strive for optimal emission control. Lawrence Cement Company, a plant in Beauport Canada, has been in operation since 1955. Their two wet process kilns have utilized electrostatic precipitator ( ESP) filters since inception. Since 1965, this company has strived to reduce energy consumption by using alternative waste fuel. This, combined with the increased demand of low alkali cement, took its toll on the ESPs, causing the equipment and its performance to deteriorate.

Pressure from environmental agencies to lower outlet emissions forced the company to consider ESP modifications. After investigating several alternatives, the optimal modification was to combine the ESP with bag filters. In addition to being the best choice from a performance standpoint, it was also the least expensive. This modification also allowed a reduced alkali dust from the ESP hoppers to be recirculated to the kilns.

The latter two-thirds of the ESP were converted to a baghouse, and optimal system performance was achieved by using high efficiency expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane filter bags. Despite the high moisture, submicron particle size, and cohesive nature of the alkaline dust, very low pressure differentials and extremely low emissions were achieved. Most notably, this complex project was completed within nine months, from concept to commissioning. The plant was shut down for only six weeks during the entire retrofit process. This economically attractive idea was readily accepted by St. Lawrence Cement personnel and the permitting agencies.

After the first successful kiln/ ESP retrofit, the second kiln/ ESP conversion was completed the following year. • Hedden, Abigail S.; Dietlein, Charles R.; Wikner, David A. 2012-06-01 The development of millimeter-wave scanning reflectarrays and phased arrays provides an important path to enabling electronic scanning capabilities at high frequencies.

This technology could be used to eliminate the mechanical scanners that are currently used with radar imaging systems. In this work, we analyze properties of wafer-scale two-dimensional rectangular lattice arrays that can be used with a confocal imager for 220 GHz electronic scanning of meter-sized fields of regard at 50 m. Applications include covert imaging of hidden anomalies.

We examine tradeoffs between overall system size and array complexity and analyze properties of reflectarrays compatible with a system design that was chosen based on these considerations. The effects of phase quantization are considered in detail for arrays with 1- and 2- bit phase shifters and the results are compared in terms of impacts to image quality. Beam pointing accuracy, main beam energy fraction, and the number and intensity of quantization lobes that appear over the scan ranges of interest are compared. Our results indicate that arrays with 1- and 2-bit phase quantization achieve similar main beam energy efficiencies over the desired scan range. Without restricting the scan range, 1-bit phase quantization is insufficient, resulting in maximum errors that are comparable to the required minimum scan angle. Two-bit phase quantization is preferable, resulting in pointing angle errors of at most 15% of the diffraction-limited beam-size. Both 1- and 2-bit phase quantization cases result in lobes appearing above our threshold, indicating that spurious returns are a problem that will require further attention.

• 1990-01-01 System 8400 is an advanced system for measurement of gas and liquid pressure, along with a variety of other parameters, including voltage, frequency and digital inputs. System 8400 offers exceptionally high speed data acquisition through parallel processing, and its modular design allows expansion from a relatively inexpensive entry level system by the addition of modular Input Units that can be installed or removed in minutes. Douglas Juanarena was on the team of engineers that developed a new technology known as ESP ( electronically scanned pressure). The Langley ESP measurement system was based on miniature integrated circuit pressure-sensing transducers that communicated pressure information to a minicomputer. In 1977, Juanarena formed PSI to exploit the NASA technology. In 1978 he left Langley, obtained a NASA license for the technology, introduced the first commercial product, the 780B pressure measurement system. PSI developed a pressure scanner for automation of industrial processes.

Now in its second design generation, the DPT-6400 is capable of making 2,000 measurements a second and has 64 channels by addition of slave units. New system 8400 represents PSI's bid to further exploit the $600 million U.S. Industrial pressure measurement market. It is geared to provide a turnkey solution to physical measurement. • 1990-01-01 System 8400 is an advanced system for measurement of gas and liquid pressure, along with a variety of other parameters, including voltage, frequency and digital inputs. System 8400 offers exceptionally high speed data acquisition through parallel processing, and its modular design allows expansion from a relatively inexpensive entry level system by the addition of modular Input Units that can be installed or removed in minutes. Douglas Juanarena was on the team of engineers that developed a new technology known as ESP ( electronically scanned pressure).

The Langley ESP measurement system was based on miniature integrated circuit pressure-sensing transducers that communicated pressure information to a minicomputer. In 1977, Juanarena formed PSI to exploit the NASA technology. In 1978 he left Langley, obtained a NASA license for the technology, introduced the first commercial product, the 780B pressure measurement system. PSI developed a pressure scanner for automation of industrial processes. Now in its second design generation, the DPT-6400 is capable of making 2,000 measurements a second and has 64 channels by addition of slave units.

New system 8400 represents PSI's bid to further exploit the 600 million U.S. Industrial pressure measurement market. It is geared to provide a turnkey solution to physical measurement. • Feuillu, Benoit; Lacoste, Francois; Schlosser, Jacques; Vallancien, Guy 1998-04-01 Introduction: The efficacy of extracorporeal High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) on bladder wall has been demonstrated. However, the treatment is still slow, needing about 15 min to treat 1 cm2. Objectives: Demonstrate the feasibility of HIFU with electronic scanning and reduce the during of HIFU treatments. Conclusions: Necrotic lesions on bladder posterior wall can be obtained with HIFU treatments using electronic scanning of the focal point.

Average treatment duration with electronic scanning is reduced to 3 min 30 sec/cm2. • Noguchi, Judy ESP (English for Specific Purposes) has been the focus of much attention recently but the question arises of “what can ESP do?” Proposed here are three things that are possible with ESP. The first is using ESP as a tool to help students who are not English majors learn how language “works” via the concept of genre texts.

The second is using an ESP approach to simulate professional communication contexts in order to raise student interest and motivation. The third is to aim for ESP bilingualism, which is a realistic and attainable goal.

All three points will be illustrated with specific examples. • Guerin, Stephen M.; Guerin, Clark L. 1979-01-01 Discusses a phenomenon called Extrasensory Perception ( ESP) whereby information is gained directly by the mind without the use of the ordinary senses. Experiments in ESP and the basic equipment and methods are presented. Statistical evaluation of ESP experimental results are also included. (HM) • Guerin, Stephen M.; Guerin, Clark L.

1979-01-01 Discusses a phenomenon called Extrasensory Perception ( ESP) whereby information is gained directly by the mind without the use of the ordinary senses. Experiments in ESP and the basic equipment and methods are presented.

Statistical evaluation of ESP experimental results are also included. (HM) • Mineeva, S. 2003-10-01 The article focuses on the current problem of teaching English for Specific Purposes( ESP) language vocabulary taking into consideration the ways how learners store and recall words and the influence of their mother tongue. Through incidental learning and explicit vocabulary instructions the elaborated vocabulary learning occurs involving the creation of an affective semantic network. • Petkovska, Viktorija 2015-01-01 Teaching creatively in ESP might in certain cases present some appropriate solutions to the teaching situation and, more importantly, boost students' confidence and motivation towards achieving some of the course objectives.

Based on a case study, this paper displays some of the results obtained through a limited scope research conducted with • McCormack, Alan J. 1974-01-01 Describes several well documented cases of Extra Sensory Perception ( ESP), and discusses ways in which ESP experiments can be conducted in the science classroom to investigate telepathy, pyschokinesis, and clairvoyance. (JR) • McCormack, Alan J.

1974-01-01 Describes several well documented cases of Extra Sensory Perception ( ESP), and discusses ways in which ESP experiments can be conducted in the science classroom to investigate telepathy, pyschokinesis, and clairvoyance. (JR) • Erickson, Gary E. 2004-01-01 A pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) technique was applied in a wind tunnel experiment in the NASA Langley Research Center 8-Foot Transonic Pressure Tunnel to quantify the vortex-induced surface static pressures on a slender, faceted missile model at subsonic and transonic speeds. Global PSP calibrations were obtained using an in-situ method featuring the simultaneous electronically-scanned pressures ( ESP) measurements. Both techniques revealed the significant influence leading-edge vortices on the surface pressure distributions. The mean error in the PSP measurements relative to the ESP data was approximately 0.6 percent at M(sub infinity)=0.70 and 2.6 percent at M(sub infinity)=0.90 and 1.20. The vortex surface pressure signatures obtained from the PSP and ESP techniques were correlated with the off-surface vortex cross-flow structures obtained using a laser vapor screen (LVS) flow visualization technique.

The on-surface and off-surface techniques were complementary, since each provided details of the vortex-dominated flow that were not clear or apparent in the other. • McDonough, Jo 1998-01-01 New textbooks for teaching English for Special Purposes ( ESP) are reviewed, including texts for science and technology, computing, engineering, and electronics as well as a guide to general classroom techniques and activities for ESP teachers.

Criteria for evaluating and selecting instructional materials are also addressed briefly. (MSE) • Carreon, Edwina S. This paper discusses the dilemma of the non-specialist teacher of English for Specific Purposes ( ESP) or English for Science and Technology when faced with technical content, and describes the response of De La Salle University (Philippines) that broadened the graduate curriculum to help develop future ESP teacher competencies. The personal • Short, David A.; North, Gerald R. 1990-01-01 A comparison of rain rates retrieved from the Nimbus 5 electronically scanning microwave radiometer brightness temperatures and observed from shipboard radars during the Global Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) phase I shows that the beam filling error is the major source of discrepancy between the two. When averaged over a large scene (the GATE radar array, 400 km in diameter), the beam filling error is quite stable, being 50 percent of the observed rain rate.

This suggests the simple procedure of multiplying retrieved rain rates by 2 (correction factor). A statistical model of the beam filling error is developed by envisioning an idealized instrument field-of-view that encompasses an entire gamma distribution of rain rates. A modeled correction factor near 2 is found for rain rate and temperature characteristics consistent with GATE conditions. The statistical model also suggests that the correction factor varies from 1.5 to 2.5 for suppressed to enhanced tropical convective regimes, and decreases to 1.5 as the freezing level and average depth of the rain column decreases to 2.5 km. • Ghanbari, Batoul; Rasekh, Abbas Eslami 2012-01-01 English for specific purposes ( ESP), the popular catchphrase of presently English language teaching programs, has been investigated from different perspectives.

However, there have been occasional forays in to the role of ESP practitioner as one of the most distinctive features in the literature. In addition to fulfilling the usual role of a • Brown, C.A. ); Durham, M.D. ); Sowa, W.A.. Combustion Lab.); Himes, R.M. ); Mahaffey, W.A.

) 1991-10-21 Radian Corporation was contracted to investigate duct injection and ESP phenomena in a 1.7 MW pilot plant constructed for this test program. This study was an attempt to resolve problems found in previous studies and answer remaining questions for the technology using an approach which concentrates on the fundamental mechanisms of the process. The goal of the study was to obtain a better understanding of the basic physical and chemical phenomena that control: (1) the desulfurization of flue gas by calcium-based reagent, and (2) the coupling of an existing ESP particulate collection device to the duct injection process. Process economics are being studied by others. (VC) • The report presents a new version of the EPA I Southern Research Institute electrostatic precipitator ( ESP) model. The primary difference between this and the standard (Revision 3) versions is in the treatment of the particulate space charge. Both models apply the Deutsch equatio.

• The report presents a new version of the EPA I Southern Research Institute electrostatic precipitator ( ESP) model. The primary difference between this and the standard (Revision 3) versions is in the treatment of the particulate space charge. Both models apply the Deutsch equatio. • Vettolani, G.; Zucca, E.; Cappi, A.; Merighi, R.; Mignoli, M.; Stirpe, G.; Zamorani, G.; MacGillivray, H.; Collins, C.; Balkowski, C.; Cayatte, V.; Maurogordato, S.; Proust, D.; Chincarini, G.; Guzzo, L.; Maccagni, D.; Scaramella, R.; Blanchard, A.; Ramella, M. The ESO Slice Project ( ESP) is a galaxy redshift survey over about 30 square degrees, in a region near the South Galactic Pole. The survey is nearly complete to the limiting magnitude bj = 19.4 and consists of more than three thousands galaxies with reliable redshift determination. • Reid, Gordon; And Others 1982-01-01 Incorporated both the state and emotionality aspects of extrasensory perception ( ESP) using subjects (N=50) in three groups: hypnotic, relaxed, and control.

An ESP sender attempted to transmit highly emotional stimuli. Found no evidence for the occurrence of ESP, and instructional variables and subject characteristics had no effect. (JAC) • Reid, Gordon; And Others 1982-01-01 Incorporated both the state and emotionality aspects of extrasensory perception ( ESP) using subjects (N=50) in three groups: hypnotic, relaxed, and control. An ESP sender attempted to transmit highly emotional stimuli.

Found no evidence for the occurrence of ESP, and instructional variables and subject characteristics had no effect. (JAC) • Hack, P.

) 1994-05-01 This article examines the effect of retrofitting an electrostatic precipitator ( ESP) digital control system on the emissions compliance of a large utility unit. The topics of the article include evaluation of ESP performance, determination of course of action, unit 1 and 2 installation of a digital control system, and results to emissions and performance of the ESP. • Rigo, H.G.; Chandler, A.J. 1996-09-01 A number of municipal waste combustors (MWCs) built before the mid-1980`s, when local permitting processes resulted in the application of acid gas control technology, were equipped with electrostatic precipitators to minimize particulate emissions and comply with the then applicable New Source Performance Standards for Municipal Waste Incinerators (40 CFR 60, Subpart C).

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans (PCDD/F) emissions can be minimized from these facilities by improving combustion to minimize furnace carryover and flame formation. Unfortunately, this can do nothing about the gas and particle phase formation of PCDD/F when the products of combustion are held in the dioxin formation window--250 to 400 C or 482 to 752 F. A proof-of-concept demonstration test program to demonstrate that flue gas temperature entering existing ESPs can be practically reduced below 175 C (350 F) to minimize PCDD/F formation in the air pollution control system (APCS). At the same time, the performance of powdered activated carbon (PAC) and dry acid gas control reagent injection are demonstrated to establish the practicability of bringing existing ESP-equipped MWCs into compliance with the USEPA`s Emissions Guidelines without scrapping the sunk investment in functional, high efficiency ESPs. • Wilkie, D.I. ) 1993-09-27 Innovative electric-submersible-pump ( ESP) configurations were used in the exploration phase of a Yemen oil field discovered by Canadian Occidental Petroleum Ltd.

Because of subnormal reservoir pressure, CanOxy developed the field with ESPs and had to install surface components that could operate at the high, 130 F., ambient temperatures common in Yemen. The field is in a remote area that has seen very little development. The reservoirs produce a medium-to-heavy crude with a low gas/oil ratio, typically less than 20 scf/bbl. Problems faced in evaluating the field included drilling through unconsolidated sands with high flow capacity and subnormal reservoir pressure. CanOxy had to develop the technology to test the wells during the exploration phase, and intends to use new, or at least uncommon technology, for producing the wells. The paper describes testing the wells, the electric generators and variable speed drives, and the use of these pumps on production wells.

• Tendolkar, Preeti M; Baghdayan, Arto S; Gilmore, Michael S; Shankar, Nathan 2004-10-01 Enterococci play a dual role in human ecology. They serve as commensal organisms of the gastrointestinal tract and are also leading causes of multiple antibiotic-resistant hospital-acquired infection. Many nosocomial infections result from the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms.

The molecular mechanisms involved in enterococcal biofilm formation are only now beginning to be understood. Enterococcal surface protein, Esp, has been reported to contribute to biofilm formation by Enterococcus faecalis. Recent studies have shown that enterococci form biofilms independently of Esp expression. To precisely determine what role Esp plays in E. Faecalis biofilm formation, Esp was expressed on the cell surface of genetically well-defined, natively Esp-deficient strains, and isogenic Esp-positive and Esp-deficient strains were compared for their biofilm-forming ability.

The results show that Esp expression leads to a significant increase in biofilm formation, irrespective of the strain tested. The contribution of Esp to biofilm formation was found to be most pronounced in the presence of 0.5% (wt/vol) or greater glucose. These results unambiguously define Esp as a key contributor to the ability of E. Faecalis to form biofilms. • Tendolkar, Preeti M.; Baghdayan, Arto S.; Gilmore, Michael S.; Shankar, Nathan 2004-01-01 Enterococci play a dual role in human ecology. They serve as commensal organisms of the gastrointestinal tract and are also leading causes of multiple antibiotic-resistant hospital-acquired infection. Many nosocomial infections result from the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms.

The molecular mechanisms involved in enterococcal biofilm formation are only now beginning to be understood. Enterococcal surface protein, Esp, has been reported to contribute to biofilm formation by Enterococcus faecalis. Recent studies have shown that enterococci form biofilms independently of Esp expression. To precisely determine what role Esp plays in E.

Faecalis biofilm formation, Esp was expressed on the cell surface of genetically well-defined, natively Esp-deficient strains, and isogenic Esp-positive and Esp-deficient strains were compared for their biofilm-forming ability. The results show that Esp expression leads to a significant increase in biofilm formation, irrespective of the strain tested. The contribution of Esp to biofilm formation was found to be most pronounced in the presence of 0.5% (wt/vol) or greater glucose. These results unambiguously define Esp as a key contributor to the ability of E. Faecalis to form biofilms. PMID:15385507 • Ganat, T. A.; Hrairi, M.; Hawlader, MNA 2017-03-01 The significant challenge in the oil and gas industry is the concurrent measurement of commingled gas, oil and water production, either using three phase test separator or multiphase flow meter (MPFM).

A major issue in these applications is the uncertainty of the measurements, due to different measurement operations conditions. A new computational approach has been generated to estimate oil well flow rate of 48 oil wells using Electrical Submersible pump ( ESP) from D, G, and W oil fields located in North Africa. The idea is to close the wellhead wing valve and the ESP is kept running normally and the wellhead flowing pressure before shut-in the well and the build-up of wellhead flowing pressure after shut-in the well are measured. OLGA software has been used to make comparison with multiphase flow model available in the OLGA software against each nominated ESP oil well parameters obtained from measured field data. The objective was to verify the obtained shut-in wellhead pressure after closing the choke wing valve (WHPa) from the measured field data with the obtained shut-in wellhead pressure valve from the simulation model. In this paper the simulation results showed that the estimated WHPa are in agreement with the measured WHPa. The relative errors for individual oil field are within accuracy standard specification (typically +/- 10%).

The overall relative errors are low and within acceptable uncertainty range, where the aggregate relative error for all wells was less than +/-4% which is considered acceptable. Therefore, the results have demonstrated that the new computational method can work under ESP oil wells conditions and has the ability to perform accurate results even when closing the wellhead wing valve for short time span.

• Tarnopolsky, Oleg 2015-01-01 The article discusses the implementation of the 'constructivist approach' in ESP teaching to university students. This approach creates opportunities for students to 'construct' their own target language communication skills meant for use in their professional intercourse.

The way of achieving such an effect can be seen in • Rahman, Momtazur 2015-01-01 English for Specific Purposes, known as acronym-' ESP', has been a distinct activity in the field of English Language Teaching (ELT) since 1960s. The flowering period of ESP has been identified due to many incidents like the second world war in 1945, the rapid expansion in scientific, the growth of science and technology, the increased • Venkatraman, G.; Prema, P. 2013-01-01 The paper presents the research design used for identifying and validating a set of competencies required of ESP (English for Specific Purposes) teachers. The identification of the competencies and the three-stage validation process are also discussed. The observation of classes of ESP teachers for field-testing the validated competencies and • Ghafournia, Narjes; Sabet, Shokoofeh Ahmadian 2014-01-01 One prominent feature of many ESP (English for Specific Purposes) courses, which make them rather different from EGP (English for General Purposes) courses, is the presence of adult learners, who are primary workers and secondary learners. As ESP is a highly learner-cantered approach, paying close attention to the multidimensional needs of. • Prudnikova, Nadezhda 2013-01-01 The author analyses ESP teaching at the institutions of higher education in modern Russia, explains the main problems and suggests the ways of their solving, details the quality control system of the students' progress improvement, presents the complex approach to interactive ESP teaching and views it as an integral part of up-to-date • Cheng, An 2006-01-01 ESP genre research has generated numerous descriptions and explanations of discipline-specific genre exemplars and has produced various pedagogical proposals.

However, what learners learn from these genre descriptions and the resulting pedagogical proposals and how they develop as learners and writers of genres in ESP genre-based writing pedagogy • Lie, Anders; Tingvall, Claes; Krafft, Maria; Kullgren, Anders 2004-03-01 ESP (Electronic Stability Program) has recently been introduced onto the market in an effort to reduce the number and severity of loss-of-control automobile accidents. This reduction is expected to be particularly evident for accidents on roads with low friction (e.g., wet or icy conditions). This study aimed to evaluate the statistical effectiveness of ESP using data from accidents that occurred in Sweden during 2000 to 2002.

To control for exposure, induced exposure methods were used, where ESP-sensitive to ESP-insensitive accidents and road conditions were matched in relation to cars equipped with and without ESP. Cars of similar, or in some cases identical, make and model were used to isolate the role of ESP. As predicted, the study showed a positive effect of ESP in circumstances where road surfaces have low friction. The overall effectiveness was 22.1 (+/-21) percent, while for accidents on wet roads, the effectiveness increased to 31.5 (+/-23.4) percent. On roads covered with ice and snow, the corresponding effectiveness was 38.2 (+/-26.1) percent. In addition, ESP was found to be effective for three different types of cars: small front-wheel drive; large front-wheel drive; and large rear-wheel drive.

• Dja'far, Veri Hardinansyah; Cahyono, Bambang Yudi; Bashtomi, Yazid 2016-01-01 This research aimed at examining Indonesian EFL Teachers' perception of students' motivation and English for Specific Purposes ( ESP) learning achievement. It also explored the strategies applied by teachers based on their perception of students' motivation and ESP learning achievement. This research involved 204 students who took English for • Labassi, Tahar 2010-01-01 The paper is a response to Holmes and Celani's (2006) invitation to learn from the Brazilian ESP experience. It discusses the conditions which sustained this experience, and compares the Brazilian situation to the Tunisian one. The paper also discusses the challenges that ESP projects in EFL environments face, the opportunities that ESP • Tarnopolsky, Oleg 2009-01-01 This article discusses the issues of teaching ESP to Ukrainian tertiary students majoring in psychology. The suggested approach is based on teaching English through the content matter of special subjects included in the program of training practical psychologists.

The example of an ESP textbook for psychologists is used for demonstrating the • Tsai, Shu-Chiao 2010-01-01 This study reports on the development of ESP (English for Specific Purposes) multimedia courseware on oral presentations, and its integration into self-study learning and elective courses for students with different English proficiencies, as one solution to problems in ESP courses in Taiwan. The courseware design is based on Mayer's multimedia • Wolkowicz, M J; Digilio, L; Klotz, K; Shetty, J; Flickinger, C J; Herr, J C 2008-01-01 The equatorial segment of the sperm head is known to play a role in fertilization; however, the specific sperm molecules contributing to the integrity of the equatorial segment and in binding and fusion at the oolemma remain incomplete. Moreover, identification of molecular mediators of fertilization that are also immunogenic in humans is predicted to advance both the diagnosis and treatment of immune infertility. We previously reported the cloning of Equatorial Segment Protein ( ESP), a protein localized to the equatorial segment of ejaculated human sperm. ESP is a biomarker for a subcompartment of the acrosomal matrix that can be traced through all stages of acrosome biogenesis (Wolkowicz et al, 2003). In the present study, ESP immunoreacted on Western blots with 4 (27%) of 15 antisperm antibody (ASA)-positive serum samples from infertile male patients and 2 (40%) of 5 ASA-positive female sera.

Immunofluorescent studies revealed ESP in the equatorial segment of 89% of acrosome-reacted sperm. ESP persisted as a defined equatorial segment band on 100% of sperm tightly bound to the oolemma of hamster eggs. Antisera to recombinant human ESP inhibited both oolemmal binding and fusion of human sperm in the hamster egg penetration assay. The results indicate that ESP is a human alloantigen involved in sperm-egg binding and fusion. Defined recombinant sperm immunogens, such as ESP, may offer opportunities for differential diagnosis of immune infertility.

• Ali, Holi Ibrahim Holi; Salih, Abdel Rahman Abdalla 2013-01-01 Needs analysis is generally believed to be important in ESP/EAP context because it enables practitioners and materials writers to find out about their real learners' needs. Therefore, this study is set out to investigate EFL teachers' beliefs and views about need analysis use and practices, specifically in the ESP/EAP tertiary context of the • Salehi, Hadi; Davari, Ameneh; Yunus, Melor Md 2015-01-01 Evaluation is defined as matching process that matches the needs to available solutions. The present study is an attempt to evaluate English for specific purposes ( ESP) course book on 'the ESP Course of Qur'anic Sciences and Tradition' taught at some universities in Iran. To achieve this goal, a researcher-made questionnaire and an • Tarnopolsky, Oleg 2009-01-01 This article discusses the issues of teaching ESP to Ukrainian tertiary students majoring in psychology. The suggested approach is based on teaching English through the content matter of special subjects included in the program of training practical psychologists. The example of an ESP textbook for psychologists is used for demonstrating the • Tsai, Shu-Chiao 2010-01-01 This study reports on the development of ESP (English for Specific Purposes) multimedia courseware on oral presentations, and its integration into self-study learning and elective courses for students with different English proficiencies, as one solution to problems in ESP courses in Taiwan. The courseware design is based on Mayer's multimedia • Holmes, John; Celani, Maria Antonieta A.

2006-01-01 On the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Brazilian ESP Project, this paper discusses why it has been able to sustain itself and develop over such a long period. The analysis focuses on two main areas of decision-making which led to this success: the structure of the project itself and the ESP methodology which was developed. Comparing the • Arbeloa, Ana; Garnett, James; Lillington, James; Bulgin, Richard R; Berger, Cedric N; Lea, Susan M; Matthews, Steve; Frankel, Gad 2010-01-01 We investigated how the type III secretion system WxxxE effectors EspM2 of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, which triggers stress fibre formation, and SifA of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, which is involved in intracellular survival, modulate Rho GTPases. We identified a direct interaction between EspM2 or SifA and nucleotide-free RhoA. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy revealed that EspM2 has a similar fold to SifA and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) effector SopE.

EspM2 induced nucleotide exchange in RhoA but not in Rac1 or H-Ras, while SifA induced nucleotide exchange in none of them. Mutating W70 of the WxxxE motif or L118 and I127 residues, which surround the catalytic loop, affected the stability of EspM2. Substitution of Q124, located within the catalytic loop of EspM2, with alanine, greatly attenuated the RhoA GEF activity in vitro and the ability of EspM2 to induce stress fibres upon ectopic expression. These results suggest that binding of SifA to RhoA does not trigger nucleotide exchange while EspM2 is a unique Rho GTPase GEF. PMID:20039879 • Lee, Beryl Chinghwa; Chern, Chiou-lan 2011-01-01 This study aims to investigate whether English for Specific Purposes ( ESP) reading relates to English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' identity and how they relate to each other if there is a link between the two. Via purposeful sampling, an experienced Taiwanese ESP reader in her 40s was recruited and received three life-story interviews. • Sinhaneti, Kantatip A survey on the teaching of English for special purposes ( ESP) at universities in the Bangkok (Thailand) metropolitan area is reported.

ESP is a concern in higher education due to increased English use in Thai business. The survey involved five public and nine private institutions.

It was found that all universities offered compulsory general • Lee, Beryl Chinghwa; Chern, Chiou-lan 2011-01-01 This study aims to investigate whether English for Specific Purposes ( ESP) reading relates to English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' identity and how they relate to each other if there is a link between the two. Via purposeful sampling, an experienced Taiwanese ESP reader in her 40s was recruited and received three life-story interviews. • Liton, Hussain Ahmed 2015-01-01 Typically, an ESP course is designed to develop students' communication skills not solely for the office, but also for useful in a specific workplace.

Unfortunately, ESP for Schools of Business at some South-East Asian universities is not being very effective in promoting students' performance in the workplace. Behind this backdrop, this paper • Schwieger, B.

1984-09-01 Recent tests of a temperature-controlled electrode charger (TCEP) show that it may be an economical fix for both high-resistivity-related problems and increased particulate loadings resulting from application of a particular SO2 control strategy. The TCEP would reportedly be relatively easy to install in an existing precipitator. Operation of the TCEP in a low-sulfur coal flue gas stream is demonstrated as well as the pipe-manifold design of the TCEP. Several advantages to this design are presented.

Two of them include: the welded pipe structure is simple to fabricate and is very durable; and the structural rigidity of the system effectively distributes the rapping force and provides effective cleaning. An economical analysis by Denver Research Institute is presented which indicates that the installation of two TCEPs in the ESP was half the cost of SO3 conditioning and less expensive than a fabric filter. • Beavers, J. 1984-10-01 ESP cable failures can sometimes seem to result from high-temperature damage even though the well temperature is far below the temperature rating of the cable. Recent studies show that the problem is one of low well productivity, either from a pumped-off or a gas-locked condition, and that the excessive heat is generated in the pump. In both cases, the problem is caused by misapplied equipment. In the pumped-off condition the pump is oversized.

In the gas-locked condition, a proper gas separator should be used. The importance of proper pump selection is emphasized. Both conditions cause excessive heat buildup in the pump. When flow decreases as in either of these conditions, energy continues to be added to the fluid, but pump efficiency decreases and flow decreases.

The losses or inefficiencies of the system are transferred to a lesser weight of fluid, so the fluid temperature rises even more.